Definition
Let $z_0 = x_0 + j y_0 = r_0 e^{j \theta_0}$. For any integer $n$, the $n$th power of $z$, $z^n$ is simply obtained by using the multiplication operation $n$ times. In the polar form, $z_0^n = r_0^n e^{j n \theta_0}$. Just like how the two real numbers $1$ and $-1$ have the same square, different complex numbers can have the same $n$th power.
Consider the set of distinct complex numbers $z_k = e^{j \theta_0 + \frac{2 \pi k}{n}}$. All the $z_k$s are different have the same $n$th power for $k=0,1,2,\ldots,n-1$. We can see this by raising $z_k$ to the $n$th power to get
(1)The $n$th root of $z$ is a bit more interesting and tricky. Any complex number $z$ which is the solution to the $n$th degree equation
$z^n - z_0 = 0$
is an $n$th root of $z_0$. The fundamental theorem of algebra states that an $n$th degree equation has exactly $n$ (possibly complex) roots. Hence, every complex number $z_0$ has exactly $n$, $n$th roots. These roots can be found by using the fact $e^{j \theta} = e^{j (\theta + 2 \pi k)}$.
(2)Clearly, computing $n$th roots is much easier in the polar form than in the cartesian form.
Example
Find the third roots of unity $\sqrt[3]{1}$.
Since $1 = 1 e^{j0}$, this corresponds to $r_0 = 1, \theta_0 = 0$. Hence, the three roots of unity are given by
$r = 1, \ \ \theta = 0,\frac{2\pi}{3},\frac{4\pi}{3}$
In cartesian coordinates, they are $(1+j0)$, $\left(-\frac{1}{2}+j\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)$,$\left(-\frac{1}{2}-j\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)$. These are referred to as $1,\omega,\omega^2$ sometimes. The three roots are shown in the figure.